Modern society Essay Example for Free

Modern society Essay The modern family is obviously in many ways different from the traditional family types that existed in the past. A number of trends are at work nowadays shaping the modern, or, as some scholars put it, post-modern family (United Nations University). These factors affect the basic foundations of the family and reconfigure the roles of all members of this institution, receiving different evaluations of psychologists, economists, and sociologists. Professor Yount from Emory University notes that modern American families have undergone a dramatic sociological change in the past decades. Thus, the size of household declined among Caucasians and African Americans and rose among Hispanics, the â€Å"percentage of households headed by married couples declined from 78 percent to 53 percent in the period from 1950 to 1998† (Yount, 2005). In addition, the proportion of dual-earning couples has increased significantly, creating a new economic reality (Yount, 2005). Today, the woman is increasingly contributing as much as or even more than the man to the family budget, a fact that has implications for her economic role in the family. A woman is more likely to remain financially independent after divorce or even lose money in divorce proceedings to her husband. This has positive implications for children that are less likely to remain without support after the parents’ separation and benefits the society, creating a new workforce pool. Against this background a noticeable trend is certainly an alarming divorce rate. In a certain sense, this trend works against growing importance of women as bread winners, contributing to insecurity of children’s well-being and putting heavy financial pressure on spouses that take custody of children. On the other hand, divorce rates are connected to â€Å"the new level of women’s involvement in the workplace, as well as modernization of women’s roles in general† (Swanson 2004:1). In a sense, divorce is the result of growing egalitarianism in family relations, a trend clear from the psychological perspective. Families become more and more egalitarian in the sense that younger and older members, women and men are achieving a more equal status in many ways. However, Swanson (2004) also points out that perfect egalitarianism remains elusive. Most men and women aspiring to build egalitarian families in the times of their courtship face a reality in which they cannot attain this desired ideal and instead lapse into traditional rigid gender roles. This becomes even more of a problem with childbirth. Although men tend to have a greater role in parenting than before, women are still responsible for most of it, and it tends to re-shape the roles in the family toward greater participation of the woman in household duties and increases her workload relative to that of the man. Thus, a study conducted in Switzerland â€Å"reveals some moderate tendencies towards less sex typing of task allocation in such items as administrative contacts, gifts, holidays, cleaning, but there seems to be a hard core of tasks showing very little change (cooking meals, washing)† (Levy, Widmer, Kellerhals 2002). There are many other changes obvious in the psychological realm. Values and priorities in family life are undergoing a constant change. United Nations University in its article on the post-modern family notes that today’s families see â€Å"optional participation in most aspects of communal life, high levels of privacy and choice† as opposed to â€Å"compulsory participation in all aspects of communal life, lack of privacy and personal choice†. Because of lower level of required participation in communal activities, people experience a shift in the nature of identity, often associating themselves with a greater number of fluid social groups. Values become less constant, and social roles are changing. One interesting trend pointed out by Professor Gillis of Rutgers University is the growing virtual character of people’s connections with home. Many spend little time at the place associated with their home, something underscored by the fact that â€Å"homemade† and â€Å"homecooked† is likely to be made anywhere but at home† (Gillis 2000:7). On the other hand, modern communication possibilities in the form of Internet, cheaper long-distance calling and other ways allow for greater connection with relatively remote places. This creates prerequisites for a deep psychological change in the mentality of people who feel at the same time estranged and closer to their relatives who they see less frequently, but can communicate with from a distance. A word should also be said about the emergence of non-traditional households, starting from cohabitation prior to marriage that can now last decades to homosexual households and those including several couples. Welcomed or abhorred, these families also have a presence in the modern society. As to homosexual couples, we see these days a clear trend toward legitimizing these relationships. This can have far-reaching consequences for modern families. There is a greater scope of opportunities for adoption of children, greater security for members of such families that previously lacked social security, and other economic and social advantages. However, there is also an opinion that the prevalence of these arrangements destroys the foundations of the regular family. Thus, families nowadays undergo a profound change that occurs on sociological, psychological, and economic plane. Most often, these planes prove to be deeply interconnected in many ways. Thus, divorce has roots in growing egalitarianism and shift of values that affect the psychology of young people who get married. On the other hand, it has profound economic ramifications, creating instability and jeopardizing the financial well-being of women and children in most cases. Overall, the modern family demonstrates many trends, increasingly exhibiting diversity and fluidity in definition of patterns and values. Bibliography Gillis, John R. â€Å"Our Virtual Families: Toward a Cultural Understanding of Modern Family Life†. Emory Universitys Center on Myth and Ritual in American Life Newletter Working Paper No. 2 (2000). 19 November 2006 http://www. marial. emory. edu/pdfs/Gillispaper. PDF. Levy, Rene, Widmer, Eric, and Jean Kellerhals. â€Å"Modern family or modernized family traditionalism? : Master status and the gender order in Switzerland†. Electronic Journal of Sociology (2002): Universite de Lausanne. 19 November 2006 http://www. sociology. org/content/vol006. 004/lwk. html.

Management Proposal :: Management Report Summary

Management Proposal Deep-well drilling has been around for centuries. Over the years, different techniques have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of drilling in a number of different geographical locations. Today’s deep-well drilling industry revolves around the use of bits. In order for this company to be proficient with time and money, it is essential to use bits that are tough enough to withstand impact, while at the same time still possessing a hard surface to protect it against wear. Case hardening will be the method of choice because of it’s well known ability to create the desired effects of hardness and toughness. Case hardening is a process in which low-carbon steel or iron is carbonized at the surface. The carburized steel part must be machined first in the soft condition, and then hardened by a case hardening treatment to create a hard outer layer. The type of heat treatment used will depend on the contents of the steel. A typical steel alloy for all-around structural purposes is composed of 0.35% carbon. For our case, we will use a chromium steel combination known as No. 5120, which is a much better quality alloy than carbon steel. The casehardened tool we seek to make will need to be able to withstand high stress impacts and have a hard durable surface to prevent the bit from breaking. Chromium-steel No.5120 is intended to fulfill these exact specifications. The desired levels of carbon and chromium are 0.20% and 0.75%, respectively. In order to accomplish this, the correct heat treatment must be applied. A proven affordable method of casehardening is gas carbonizing. The objective of gas carbonizing is to force a flow of carbonaceous gas between the two plates. The result is a penetration of carbon in less time. The plates are heated by electricity, which allows for a more uniform carbon penetration. The best-known carbon gas used for this process is carbon monoxide because of its ability to rapidly penetrate the metal. A side effect of carbon monoxide is an oxidizing effect that might harm the casehardened metal. To avoid this, the work is packed with wood charcoal in a cylinder. It is then heat ed to the carbonizing temperature and, a current of carbon dioxide is infused into the cylinder. After the metal has been gas carbonized between 1650 degrees F.

Reflection Paper Essay

Ever since I can remember people have been asking me this question. A question that is so simple to ask, yet so hard to answer. A question that you may have an answer to at one point, but lose it the next. A question that when really thought about, can spell your future. That question is â€Å"what do you want to be? † This question has always given me a hard time, because honestly I never really wanted to give an answer to it. Maybe it’s because I never wanted to limit myself to an answer or maybe I was just never sure of anything and I’m afraid to give a straightforward answer. This is my attempt on trying to word out my â€Å"vision† of who and what I want to be. Owning a very profitable and stable business has been a dream of mine for a very long time. I had always envisioned myself as someone who owns a business, yet I don’t know what business I want to venture in as of the moment. I want my own business because I want to leave something for my family and leave a legacy behind before I pass away. I also want to own a business because I’m not the type to be a slave to another business owner my whole life. I want to experience leading the way and making a business that will be of great success. A family is also very important in my future. I cannot see myself grow old without a family, especially since I come from a big family. I guess I want to have at least 3 children because what good is it to have money when you don’t even have anyone to share it with or enjoy it with. I’ve been taught my whole life to put my family first above anything else. I of course do not intend to have a family that I cannot provide for financially. I also want a family because I want to be surrounded with people I love especially when I grow old and I have no one else but my children to take care of me. Another thing that I see in my future is that I see myself travelling the world. I don’t want to limit myself to my home country because I see other places as an opportunity to create great memories that I will forever cherish. I envision myself travelling because up to now I haven’t been out of the country, so it has always been in my bucket list to leave the country and explore other countries, try their food, and experience another culture apart from mine. I see myself going to the States, Europe, and other Asian countries. I believe that a life in a world so big when not explored is a life not spent well. I see myself in the future as someone who stays healthy. One of my greatest wants in life is to stay healthy. I’ve always pushed myself to go to the gym and stay fit as much as possible. In the future I see myself continuing this habit of staying in shape and not gaining too much weight, because it is one of my greatest fear is to have a beer belly. I see myself as a man who keeps his priorities in tact while still maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Wherein I stay fit and have a balanced diet. Love is another issue that is always so hard to predict. Whenever I think of who will my future wife be. I always see a girl who is loyal, a girl that will accept my mistakes, a girl that no matter how hard times get will always be there by my side. I see my future wife as someone that can be there for the good times and even at the worse times of my life. I will get married once I reach 30, and once I become financially secure. Lastly my most important yet the most simple vision that I have for myself is that I’m going to be happy. I’ll be happy even if none of my visions come true. I’ll be happy even if I experience many problems. I’ll be happy even when people around me are not. It is not the fact that I am optimistic, yet it is only because I can only imagine a future for myself that I am happy. I simply cannot concoct a vision of myself being miserable. If there is one vision that I have it is sure that I know I’ll be happy in the future, cause whatever I get, I will accept, and whatever life throws my way, I’ll take it, and whatever problems I may have, I will smile while I’m fixing it.

Gandhi On Western Civilization Gandhi s Response

Gandhi on Western Civilization Since 1920 Mohandas Gandhi had been at work in India and since then had trail blazed anticolonial conceptions and logistics that reflected over the whole world. Mohandas Gandhi was confronted with settlements of supremacy he became the crusader for non-violent protests. Mohandas Gandhi believed in swaraj, which is the self-government or independence of India. Mohandas Gandhi aspired for his country to transform into a self-rule for citizens to enhance their own assets and to extract from the royal financial system. There were ways for Indian citizens to remove themselves from the sovereign economy by industrial action such as strikes, withhold from paying taxes, or abstain from foreign goods like fabric or cloth, and be clothed in simple, basic material. When a journalist wanted to know the opinion of Mohandas Gandhi on Western Civilization, Mohandas Gandhi replied, â€Å"I think it would be a very good idea,† I concur with Mohandas Gandhi†™s response. Mohandas Gandhi was a very intelligent man he distinguished the variations with Western Civilization and Eastern Civilization. He saw the destruction in Western Civilization territories were at war with each other over terrains, liberty, and self-government. Mohandas Gandhi considered Western Civilization to be destructive, centrifugal, innately unruly, and had no aspirations. In Eastern Civilization was regarded as productive, centripetal, have intention and purpose. I see how Mohandas GandhiShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesIn the western world the word truth connotes something static and immutable. We see truth as something, that once possessed, will always be valid. But there is a tendency in Eastern philosophy to see truth as something illusive, as something that can only be approximated by a lifetime of philosophical experimentation. The man known as Mohandas Gandhi was this spirit of truth incarnate. 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